Передчасне адренархе: етіологія та клінічне значення
Ключові слова:
передчасне адренархе, пубархе, діти, андрогени, інсулінорезистентність, синдром полікістозних яєчниківАнотація
Адренархе — це процес дозрівання сітчастої зони кори наднирників, який супроводжується посиленням продукції андрогенів. Передчасне адренархе характеризується появою лобкового і пахвового оволосіння, сальності шкіри і волосся, «дорослого» запаху поту на тлі підвищення рівня надниркових андрогенів у дівчаток віком до 8 років та хлопчиків віком до 9 років. У статті представлені сучасні дані про етіологію, патогенез, клінічне значення передчасного адренархе. Високий ризик розвитку інсулінорезистентності, синдрому полікістозних яєчників і гіперандрогенії зумовлює необхідність подальшого вивчення етіології передчасного адренархе для виокремлення груп ризику щодо формування метаболічних ускладнень.
Посилання
Akina O, Döğera E, Bidecia A. Vitamin D Insufficiency is Related to Premature Adrenarche. ESPE Abstracts. 2016;86:2—70.
Auchus RJ. Adrenarche—- Physiology, Biochemistry and Human Disease. Clin Endocrinol. (Oxf). 2004;60(3):288-296.
Auchus RJ. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Adrenarche. Endocr Dev. 2011;20:20-27.
Beishuizen A, Lambertus G, Thijs LG. Vermes I. Decreased levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in severe critical illness: a sign of exhausted adrenal reserve?. Crit Care. 2002;6(5):434-438.
Fuda H. Characterization and expression of bifunctional 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulphate synthase isoforms. Biochem J. 2002;365:497-504.
Gao W, Bohl CE., Dalton JT. Chemistry and Structural Biology of Androgen Receptor. Chem Rev. 2005;105(9):3352-3370.
Hammer F, Subtil S, Lux P. No evidence for hepatic conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate to DHEA: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:3600-3605.
Hanley NA, Rainey WE, Wilson DI. Expression profiles of SF-1, DAX1, and CYP17 in the human fetal adrenal gland: potential interactions in gene regulation. Mol Endocrinol. 2001;15:57-68.
Holinka CF, Diczfalusy E, Coelingh HJ. Estetrol: a unique steroid in human pregnancy. J Steroid Biochem Mol. Biol. 2008;110:138-143.
Ibanez L, Potau N, Virdis R. Postpubertal outcome in girls diagnosed of premature pubarche during childhood: increased frequency of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;76:1599-1603.
Ibáñez L, Lopez-Bermejo A. Early metformin therapy (age 8-12 years) in girls with precocious pubarche to reduce hirsutism, androgen excess, and oligomenorrhea in adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1262-1267.
Ibanez L, Ong K. Fat distribution in nonobese girls with and without precocious pubarche: central adiposity related to insulinaemia and androgenaemia from prepuberty to postmenarche. Clin Endocrinol. (Oxf). 2003;58:372-379.
Idkowiak J, Lavery GG. Premature adrenarche: novel lessons from early onset androgen excess. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(2):189-207.
Ishimoto H. Development and Function of the Human Fetal Adrenal Cortex: A Key Component in the Feto-Placental Unit. Endocr Rev. 2011;32(3):317-355.
Lappalainen S, Utriainen P. ACTH receptor promoter polymorphism associates with severity of premature adrenarche and modulates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in children. Pediatr Res. 2008;63(4):410-414.
Lappalainen S, Utriainen P, Kuulasmaa T. Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism and X-chromosome inactivation in children with premature adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(4):1304-1309.
Lappalainen S, Utriainen P, Kuulasmaa T. Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism and X-chromosome inactivation in children with premature adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(4):1304-1309.
Livadas S. Elevated coagulation and inflammatory markers in adolescents with a history of premature adrenarche. Metabolism. 2009;58:576-581.
Mathew RP, Najjar JL, Lorenz RA. Premature pubarche in girls is Premature adrenarche is associated with functional adrenal but not ovarian hyperandrogenism. J Pediatr. 2002;141:91-98.
Mathieu P, Lemieux I, Despres JP. Obesity, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;87:407-416.
Meas T, Chevenne D, Thibaud E. Endocrine consequences of premature pubarche in post-pubertal Caucasian girls. Clin Endocrinol. 2002;57:101-106.
Nakamura Y, Gang HX, Suzuki T. Adrenal changes associated with adrenarche. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2009;10(1):19-26.
Nguyen T, McCracken JT, Ducharme S. Interactive Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Testosterone on Cortical Thickness during Early Brain Development. J Neurosci. 2013;33(26):10840-10848.
Oberfield SE, Sopher AB, Gerken AT. Approach to the Girl with Early Onset of Pubic Hair. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(6):1610-1622.
Oberfield SE, Sopher AB, Gerken AT. Approach to the Girl with Early Onset of Pubic Hair. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(6):1610-1622.
Oettel M. Testosterone metabolism, dose-response relationships and receptor polymorphisms: pharmacological/toxicological considerations on benefits versus risks of testosterone therapy in men. Aging Male. 2003;6(4):230-256.
Oppenheimer E. Decreased insulin sensitivity in prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche and acanthosis nigricans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:614-618.
Parker LN. Adrenarche. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1991;20:71-83.
Rege J, Rainey W. The Steroid Metabolome of Adrenarche. J Endocrinol. 2012;214(2):133-143.
Rojas J. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity: Navigating the Pathophysiologic LabyrinthInt. J Reprod Med. 2014:719050.
Roldan MB, White C, Witchel SF. Association of the GAA1013-->GAG polymorphism of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) gene with premature pubarche. Fertil Steril. 2007;88(2):410—417.
Rosenfield RL, Lipton RB. Thelarche, pubarche, and menarche attainment in children with normal and elevated body mass index. Pediatrics. 2009;123:84-88.
Silverman SH, Migeon C, Wilkins L. Precocious growth of sexual hair without other secondary sexual development; premature pubarche, a constitutional variation of adolescence. Pediatrics. 1952;10:426-32.
Slawik M, Reisch N. Characterization of an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) receptor promoter polymorphism leading to decreased adrenal responsiveness to ACTH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(7):3131-3137.
Sopher AB, Thornton JC, Silfen ME. Prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche have greater bone mineral content and density than controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:5269-5272.
Strott CA. Sulfonation and molecular action. Endocr Rev. 2002;23:703-732.
Talbot NB, Butler AM, Berman RA. Excretion of 17-ketosteroids by normal and abnormal children. Am J Dis Child. 1943;65:364-375.
Tee MK, Miller WL. Phosphorylation of Human Cytochrome P450c17 by p38α Selectively Increases 17,20- Lyase Activity and Androgen Biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(33):23903-23913.
Thomas JL. Regulation of Human 3b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 by Adrenal Corticosteroids and Product-Feedback by Androstenedione in Human Adrenarche. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2014;352(1):67-76.
Topor LS, Asai M, Dunn J. Cortisol stimulates secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone in human adrenocortical cells through inhibition of 3betaHSD2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:E31-39.
Turcu A. Adrenal androgens and androgen precursors-definition, synthesis, regulation and physiologic actions. Compr Physiol. 2014;4(4):1369-1381.
Utriainen P, Laakso S. Polymorphism of POR, SULT2A1 and HSD11B1 in children with premature adrenarche. Metabolism. 2012;61:1215-1219.
Utriainen P, Jääskeläinen J. Childhood metabolic syndrome and its components in premature adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(11):4282-4285.
Utriainen P, Jääskeläinen J. Blood erythrocyte and hemoglobin concentrations in premature adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:87-91.
Utriainen P,·Laakso S,·Liimatta J. Premature Adrenarche — A Common Condition with Variable Presentation. Horm Res Paediatr. 2015;83:221-231.
Weber A, Clark AJ, Perry LA. Diminished adrenal androgen secretion in familial glucocorticoid deficiency implicates a significant role for ACTH in the induction of adrenarche. Clin Endocrinol. (Oxf). 1997;46:431-437.
White PC, Rogoff D, McMillan DR. Hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) and corticosteroid metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007;265:89-92.
Zhang LZ, Rodriguez H. Serine phosphorylation of human P450c17 increases 17,20-lyase activity: implications for adrenarche and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1995;92(23):10619-10623.
Zukauskaite S, Lasiene D, Lasas L, Onset of breast and pubic hair Premature adrenarche. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90:932-936.
