Цукровий діабет 1 типу і целіакія в дитячому віці: особливості клінічного перебігу та діагностики в пацієнтів із «подвійним діагнозом»
Ключові слова:
цукровий дiабет 1 типу, целіакія, глютен, скринінг, безглютенова дієтаАнотація
Представлено огляд літератури про особливості перебігу поєднаної автоімунної патології — цукрового діабету 1 типу та целіакії в дітей за даними рецензованих медичних видань з використанням актуальних інтернет-ресурсів. Відображено сучасні уявлення про причини розвитку й патогенетичні механізми, клінічні вияви, методи ранньої діагностики та дієтотерапії целіакії, асоційованої із цукровим діабетом 1 типу.
Посилання
Abid N., McGlone O., Cardwell C. et al. Clinical and metabolic effects of gluten free diet in children with type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease // Pediatr. Diabetes. — 2011. — Vol. 12, N 4. — P. 322—325. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00700.x.
Adlercreutz E.H., Wingren C.J., Vincente R.P. et al. Perinatal risk factors increase the risk of being affected by both type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease // Acta Paediatr. — 2015. — Vol. 104, N 2. — P. 178—184. — DOI: 10.1111/apa.12836.
Akirov A., Pinhas-Hamiel O. Co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease // World J. Diabetes. — 2015. — Vol. 6, N 5. — P. 707—714. — DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i5.707.
Amin R., Murphy N., Edge J. et al. A longitudinal study of the effects of a gluten-free diet on glycemic control and weight gain in subjects with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease // Diabetes Care. — 2002. — Vol. 25, N 7. — P. 1117—1122.
Assor E., Marcon M.A., Hamilton N. et al. Design of a dietary intervention to assess the impact of a gluten-free diet in a population with type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease // BMC Gastroenterol. — 2015. — N 15. — P. 181. — DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0413-0.
Bhadada S.K., Kochhar R., Bhansali A. et al. Prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus in north India // J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2011. – Vol. 26, N 2. – P. 378–381. – DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06508.x.
Cerutti F., Bruno G., Chiarelli F. et al. Younger age at onset and sex predict celiac disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: an Italian multicenter study // Diabetes Care. — 2004. — Vol. 27, N 6. — P. 1294—1298.
Cohn A., Anthony M., Kupfer S. Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease: Clinical Overlap and New Insights into Disease Pathogenesis // Curr. Diab. Rep. — 2014. — Vol. 14, N 8. — P. 517. — DOI: 10.1007/s11892-014-0517-x.
Contreas G., Valletta E., Ulmi D. et al. Screening of coeliac disease in north Italian children with type 1 diabetes: limited usefulness of HLA-DQ typing // Acta. Paediatr. — 2004. — Vol. 93, N 5. — P. 628—632.
Djurić Z., Stamenković H., Stanković T. et al. Celiac disease prevalence in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes from Serbia // Pediatr. Int. — 2010. — Vol. 52, N 4. — P. 579-583. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2010.03085.x.
Dulaimi D., Tait K., Rostami K. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and gluten induced disorders // Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Bed. Bench. — 2014. — Vol. 7, N 4. — P. 189—197.
Erminia Camarca M., Mozzillo E., Nugnes R. et al. Celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus // Ital. J. Pediatr. — 2012. — N 38. — P. 10. — DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-10.
Errichiello S., Esposito O., Mase R.et al. Celiac disease: predictors of compliance with a gluten-free diet in adolescents and young adults // J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. — 2010. — Vol. 50, N 1. — P. 54—60. — DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31819de82a.
Freeman H.J. Endocrine manifestations in celiac disease // World J. Gastroenterol. — 2016. — Vol. 22, N 38. — P. 8472—8479. — DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8472.
Frisk G., Hansson T., Dahlbom I., Tuvemo T. A unifying hypothesis on the development of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: gluten consumption may be a shared causative factor // Med. Hypotheses. — 2008. — Vol. 70, N 6. — P. 1207—1209. — DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy. 2007.05.058.
Gabriel S., Mihaela I., Angela B. et al. Prevalence of IgA antitissuetransglutaminase antibodies in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus // J. Clin. Lab. Anal. — 2011. — Vol. 25, N 3. — P. 156—161. — DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20449.
Gesualdo P.D., Bautista K.A., Waugh K.C. et al. Feasibility of screening for T1D and celiac disease in a pediatric clinic setting // Pediatr. Diabetes. — 2016. — Vol. 17, N 6. — P. 441—448. — DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12301.
Goh C., Banerjee K. Prevalence of coeliac disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a clinic based population // Postgrad. Med J. — 2007. — Vol. 83, N 976. — P. 132—136. — DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.049189.
Hansen D., Brock-Jacobsen B., Lund E. et al. Clinical benefit of a gluten-free diet in type 1 diabetic children with screening-detected celiac disease: a population-based screening study with 2 years‘ follow-up // Diabetes Care. — 2006. — Vol. 29, N 11. — P. 2452—2456. — DOI: 10.2337/dc06-0990.
Hoffmanová I., Sánchez D., Hábová V. et al. Serological markers of enterocyte damage and apoptosis in patients with celiac disease, autoimmune diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus type 2 // Physiol. Res. — 2015. — Vol. 64, N 4. — P. 537—546.
Joshi R., Madvariya M. Prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus // Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. — 2015. — Vol. 19, N 6. — P. 797—803. — DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.167555.
Lang-Muritano M., Molinari L., Dommann-Scherrer C. et al. Incidence of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma in celiac disease: implications for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes // Pediatr. Diabetes. — 2002. — Vol. 3, N 1. — P. 42—45. — DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-5448.2002.30108.x.
Larsson K., Carlsson A., Cederwall E. et al. Annual screening detects celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes // Pediatr. Diabetes. — 2008. — Vol. 9, N 4. — P. 354—359. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448. 2008.00367.x.
Mackinder M., Allison G., Svolos V. et al. Nutritional status, growth and disease management in children with single and dual diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease // BMC Gastroenterol. — 2014. — N 14. — P. 99. — DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-14-99.
Mahmud F. Celiac Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a North American Community: Prevalence, Serologic Screening, and Clinical Features // Mayo Clin. Proc. — 2005. — Vol. 80, N 11. — P. 1429—1434. — DOI: 10.4065/80.11.1429.
Mahmud F.H., Melo E.N., Noordin K. et al. The Celiac Disease and Diabetes-Dietary Intervention and Evaluation Trial (CD-DIET) protocol: a randomised controlled study to evaluate treatment of asymptomatic coeliac disease in type 1 diabetes // BMJ Open. — 2015. — Vol. 5, N 5. — DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008097.
Mitchell R.T., Sun A., Mayo A. et al. Coeliac screening in a Scottish cohort of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: is DQ typing the way forward // Arch. Dis. Child. — 2016. — Vol. 101, N 3. — P. 230—233. — DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309754.
Mohn A., Cerruto M., Iafusco D. et al. Celiac disease in children and adolescents with type I diabetes: importance of hypoglycemia // J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. — 2001. — Vol. 32, N 1. — P. 37—40.
Pham-Short A., Donaghue K.C., Ambler G. et al. Screening for Celiac Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review // Pediatrics. — 2015. — Vol. 136, N 1. — P. 170—176. — DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2883.
Rewers M., Eisenbarth G.S. Celiac disease in T1DM — the need to look long term // Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. — 2011. — Vol. 8, N 1. — P. 5—8. — DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.193.
Rohrer T.R., Liptay S., Zimmer K.P. et al. Microvascular Complications in Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease: A Multicenter Longitudinal Analysis of 56,514 Patients From the German-Austrian DPV Database // Diabetes Care. — 2015. — Vol. 38, N 5. — P. 801—807. — DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0683.
Rubio-Tapia A., Hill I., Kelly C. et al. American college of gastroenterology clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of celiac disease // Am. J. Gastroenterol. — 2013. — Vol. 108, N 5. — P. 656—677. — DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.79.
Saadah O., Zacharin M., O›Callaghan A. et al. Effect of gluten-free diet and adherence on growth and diabetic control in diabetics with coeliac disease // Arch. Dis. Child. — 2004. — Vol. 89, N 9. — P. 871—876. — DOI: 10.1136/adc.2002.012799.
Sanchez-Albisua I., Neu A., Geiger H. et al. Coeliac disease in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: the effect of the gluten-free diet // Diabet Med. — 2005. — Vol. 22, N 8. — P. 1079—1082. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01609.x.
Serena G., Camhi S., Sturgeon C. et al. The Role of Gluten in Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes // Nutrients. — 2015. — Vol. 7, N 9. — P. 7143—7162. — DOI: 10.3390/nu7095329.
Słomiński B., Ławrynowicz U., Myśliwska J. et al. CCR5-Δ32 gene polymorphism is related to celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis coincidence in patients with type 1 diabetes // J. Diabetes Complications. — 2016. — DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.031.
Smigoc Schweiger D., Mendez A., KuniloJamnik S. et al. High-risk genotypes HLA-DR3-DQ2/DR3-DQ2 and DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 in co- occurrence of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease // Autoimmunity. — 2016. — Vol. 49, N 4. — P. 240—247. — DOI: 10.3109/08916934. 2016.1164144.
Smyth D., Plagnol V., Walker N. et al. Shared and Distinct Genetic Variants in Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease // N. Engl. J. Med. — 2008. — Vol. 359, N 26. — P. 2767—2777. — DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807917.
Sponzilli I., Chiari G., Iovane B. et al. Celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes: impact of gluten free diet on diabetes management // Acta Biomed. — 2010. — Vol. 81, N 3. — P. 165—170.
Sud S., Marcon M., Assor E. et al. Celiac Disease and Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemmas // Int. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. — 2010. — 161285. — DOI: 10.1155/2010/161285.
Sud S., Marcon M., Assor E. et al. Quality of life in children with diabetes and celiac disease: minimal impact of the ‹double diagnosis› // Pediatr. Diabetes. — 2012. — Vol. 13, N 2. — P. 163—169. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00785.x.
Sun S., Puttha R., Ghezaiel S. et al. The effect of biopsy-positive silent coeliac disease and treatment with a gluten-free diet on growth and glycaemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes // Diabet. Med. — 2009. — Vol. 26, N 12. — P. 1250—1254. — DOI: 10.1111/j. 1464-5491.2009.02859.x.
Taler I., Phillip M., Lebenthal Y. et al. Growth and metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: a longitudinal observational case-control study // Pediatr. Diabetes. — 2012. — Vol. 13, N 8. — P. 597—606. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012. 00878.x.
Thammarakcharoen T., Hirankarn N., Sahakitrungruang T. et al. Frequency of HLA-DQB1*0201/02 and DQB1*0302 alleles and tissue transglutaminase antibody seropositivity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus // Asian. Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. — 2016. — DOI: 10.12932/AP0751.
Valletta E., Ulmi D., Mabboni I. et al. Early diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in type 1 diabetes. A longitudinal, case-control study // Pediatr. Med. Chir. — 2007. — Vol. 29, N 2. — P. 99—104.
Volta U., Tovoli F., Caio G. Clinical and immunological features of celiac disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus // Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. — 2011. — Vol. 5, N 4. — P. 479—487. — DOI: 10.1586/egh.11.38.
Abid N, McGlone O, Cardwell C et al. Clinical and metabolic effects of gluten free diet in children with type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease. Pediatr Diabetes. 2011;12(4):322-325. — DOI: 10.1111/j. 1399-5448.2010.00700.x.
Adlercreutz EH, Wingren CJ, Vincente RP et al. Perinatal risk factors increase the risk of being affected by both type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(2):178-184. — DOI: 10.1111/apa.12836.
Akirov A, Pinhas-Hamiel O. Co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(5):707-714. — DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i5.707.
Amin R, Murphy N, Edge J et al. A longitudinal study of the effects of a gluten-free diet on glycemic control and weight gain in subjects with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(7);1117-1122.
Assor E, Marcon MA, Hamilton N et al. Design of a dietary intervention to assess the impact of a gluten-free diet in a population with type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15:181. — DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0413-0.
Bhadada SK, Kochhar R, Bhansali A et al. Prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus in north India. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26(2):378-381. – DOI: 10.1111/j. 1440-1746.2010.06508.x.
Cerutti F, Bruno G, Chiarelli F et al. Younger age at onset and sex predict celiac disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: an Italian multicenter study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(6):1294-1298.
Cohn A, Anthony M, Kupfer S. Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease: Clinical Overlap and New Insights into Disease Pathogenesis. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(8):517. — DOI: 10.1007/s11892-014-0517-x.
Contreas G, Valletta E, Ulmi D et al. Screening of coeliac disease in north Italian children with type 1 diabetes: limited usefulness of HLA-DQ typing. Acta Paediatr. 2004;93(5):628-632.
Djurić Z, Stamenković H, Stanković T et al. Celiac disease prevalence in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes from Serbia. Pediatr Int. 2010;52(4):579-583. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200X. 2010.03085.x.
Dulaimi D, Tait K, Rostami K. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and gluten induced disorders. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2014;7(4):189-197.
Erminia Camarca M, Mozzillo E, Nugnes R et al. Celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ital J Pediatr. 2012;38:10. — DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-10.
Errichiello S, Esposito O, Mase Ret al. Celiac disease: predictors of compliance with a gluten-free diet in adolescents and young adults. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50(1):54-60. — DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31819de82a.
Freeman HJ. Endocrine manifestations in celiac disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(38):8472-8479. — DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8472.
Frisk G, Hansson T, Dahlbom I, Tuvemo T. A unifying hypothesis on the development of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: gluten consumption may be a shared causative factor. Med Hypotheses. 2008;70(6):1207-1209. — DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy. 2007.05.058.
Gabriel S, Mihaela I, Angela B et al. Prevalence of IgA antitissuetransglutaminase antibodies in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Lab Anal. 2011;25(3):156-161. — DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20449.
Gesualdo PD, Bautista KA, Waugh KC et al. Feasibility of screening for T1D and celiac disease in a pediatric clinic setting. Pediatr Diabetes. 2016;17(6):441-448. — DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12301.
Goh C, Banerjee K. Prevalence of coeliac disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a clinic based population. Postgrad Med J. 2007;83(976):132-136. — DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.049189.
Hansen D, Brock-Jacobsen B, Lund E et al. Clinical benefit of a gluten-free diet in type 1 diabetic children with screening-detected celiac disease: a population-based screening study with 2 years‘ follow-up. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(11):2452-2456. — DOI: 10.2337/dc06-0990.
Hoffmanová I, Sánchez D, Hábová V et al. Serological markers of enterocyte damage and apoptosis in patients with celiac disease, autoimmune diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus type 2. Physiol Res. 2015;64(4):537-546.
Joshi R, Madvariya M. Prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(6):797-803. — DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.167555.
Lang-Muritano M, Molinari L, Dommann-Scherrer C et al. Incidence of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma in celiac disease: implications for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2002;3(1):42-45. — DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-5448. 2002.30108.x.
Larsson K, Carlsson A, Cederwall E et al. Annual screening detects celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008;9(4):354-359. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448. 2008.00367.x.
Mackinder M, Allison G, Svolos V et al. Nutritional status, growth and disease management in children with single and dual diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:99. — DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-14-99.
Mahmud F. Celiac Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a North American Community: Prevalence, Serologic Screening, and Clinical Features. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80(11):1429-1434. — DOI: 10.4065/80.11.1429.
Mahmud FH, Melo EN, Noordin K et al. The Celiac Disease and Diabetes-Dietary Intervention and Evaluation Trial (CD-DIET) protocol: a randomised controlled study to evaluate treatment of asymptomatic coeliac disease in type 1 diabetes. BMJ Open. 2015;(5):5. — DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008097.
Mitchell RT, Sun A, Mayo A et al. Coeliac screening in a Scottish cohort of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: is DQ typing the way forward. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101(3):230-233. — DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309754.
Mohn A, Cerruto M, Iafusco D et al. Celiac disease in children and adolescents with type I diabetes: importance of hypoglycemia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;32(1):37-40.
Pham-Short A, Donaghue KC, Ambler G et al. Screening for Celiac Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2015;136(1):170-176. — DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2883.
Rewers M, Eisenbarth GS. Celiac disease in T1DM — the need to look long term. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;8(1):5-8. — DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.193.
Rohrer TR, Liptay S, Zimmer KP et al. Microvascular Complications in Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease: A Multicenter Longitudinal Analysis of 56,514 Patients From the German-Austrian DPV Database. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(5):801-807. — DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0683.
Rubio-Tapia A, Hill I, Kelly C et al. American college of gastroenterology clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(5):656-677. — DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.79.
Saadah O, Zacharin M, O›Callaghan A et al. Effect of gluten-free diet and adherence on growth and diabetic control in diabetics with coeliac disease. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(9):871-876. — DOI: 10.1136/adc.2002.012799.
Sanchez-Albisua I, Neu A, Geiger H et al. Coeliac disease in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: the effect of the gluten-free diet. Diabet Med. 2005;22(8):1079-1082. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491. 2005.01609.x.
Serena G, Camhi S, Sturgeon C et al. The Role of Gluten in Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2015;7(9):7143-7162. — DOI: 10.3390/nu7095329.
Słomiński B, Ławrynowicz U, Myśliwska J et al. CCR5-Δ32 gene polymorphism is related to celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis coincidence in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2016. — DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.031.
Smigoc Schweiger D, Mendez A, KuniloJamnik S et al. High-risk genotypes HLA-DR3-DQ2/DR3-DQ2 and DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 in co- occurrence of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Autoimmunity. 2016;49(4):240-247. — DOI: 10.3109/08916934. 2016.1164144.
Smyth D, Plagnol V, Walker N et al. Shared and Distinct Genetic Variants in Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(26):2767-2777. — DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807917.
Sponzilli I, Chiari G, Iovane B et al. Celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes: impact of gluten free diet on diabetes management. Acta Biomed. 2010;81(3):165-170.
Sud S, Marcon M, Assor E et al. Celiac Disease and Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemmas. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2010. — 161285. — DOI: 10.1155/2010/161285.
Sud S, Marcon M, Assor E et al. Quality of life in children with diabetes and celiac disease: minimal impact of the ‹double diagnosis›.Pediatr Diabetes. 2012;13(2):163-169. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448. 2011.00785.x.
Sun S, Puttha R, Ghezaiel S et al. The effect of biopsy-positive silent coeliac disease and treatment with a gluten-free diet on growth and glycaemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2009;26(12):1250-1254. — DOI: 10.1111/j. 1464-5491.2009.02859.x.
Taler I, Phillip M, Lebenthal Y et al. Growth and metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: a longitudinal observational case-control study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2012;13(8):597-606. — DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012. 00878.x.
Thammarakcharoen T, Hirankarn N, Sahakitrungruang T et al. Frequency of HLA-DQB1*0201/02 and DQB1*0302 alleles and tissue transglutaminase antibody seropositivity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2016. — DOI: 10.12932/AP0751.
Valletta E, Ulmi D, Mabboni I et al. Early diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in type 1 diabetes. A longitudinal, case-control study. Pediatr Med Chir. 2007;29(2):99-104.
Volta U, Tovoli F, Caio G. Clinical and immunological features of celiac disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;5(4):479-487. — DOI: 10.1586/egh.11.38.
